Reaction paper the outgrowth of gender conflict

Modern radical feminism can hardly claim to be representative of all women.

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Critical Perspectives in Sociological Theory Lesson Overview In this lesson we will examine the ideas of social thinkers who criticize traditional theories of deviance from a perspective that emphasizes the effects of inequality on social theory itself, beginning with labeling theory and going on to various conflict theory perspective.

Lesson Objectives --Be able to explain how labeling theory emerged at least in part out of the apparent contradictions between official data on crime and self-report studies.

The official data had always showed much higher crime rates among men than women, young than old, poor than middle class, minorities than majorities, and in cities rather than rural areas.

In particular, much more deviant behavior was reported by middle and upper-middle class kids than had ever showed up in the offical data. Labeling Theory These were the issues that became the basis for labeling theory as it emerged beginning in the late s.

The basic premise of labeling theory is that we will learn more about crime and its consequences if we pay attention not only to rule-breaking behavior but also to the activities of Reaction paper the outgrowth of gender conflict who make and enforce the rules.

Edwin Lemert makes a key distinction that emphasizes the power of the labeling process. People break the rules for all kinds of reasons--accident, social acceptance, social independence, solitary temptation, a circumstance that makes deviance too easy.

Deviance taking place for all kinds of different reasons is what Lemert terms primary deviance.

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On the other hand, if the official representatives of society most commonly the criminal justice system, but it could also be school authorities or others single us out for our deviance, we are much more likely to enter the realm of secondary deviance.

Secondary deviance is our reaction to being labeled. The emphasis is on 1 the societal reaction to our deviant behavior and 2 the subsequent reorganization of our own self-concept. That shift is more a function of societal reaction than the sheer amount or seriousness of deviant behavior.

Finally the new role becomes one of the tools you use in your relationships. You may, for example, use it to intimidate people, or to establish solidarity with other people who are similarly labeled.

Lemert believes that secondary deviance follows a more predictable course than primary deviance and is therefore more amenable to sociological analysis.

The Saints and the Roughnecks "The Saints and the Roughnecks," which dates from the early s in a suburb of Seattle, starts out like this: The saints were master truants, finding a way to "escape" from school on an almost daily basis, and the biggest threat to the general population came from their frequent wild and drunken driving.

They also committed a great deal of petty theft and some pretty major vandalism for the thrill of it. They particularly relished moving road signs and wooden barricades from streets that were under repair, and setting them up around curves, where motorists would be apt to crash into the barriers.

They also did a good deal of drinking, although less than the saints they had less funds to buy liquor and less access to cars that could take them to bars in neighboring communitiesand a good deal of stealing. Their stealing was for profit rather than thrills, and occured at a much higher rate than was realized by community members.

How does Chambliss reach the conclusion that the saints are at least as delinquent as the roughnecks? One of his criteria is sheer number of delinquent acts, in which the saints have the lead. Another is economic cost of delinquent acts, in which the edge probably goes to the roughnecks. His final and decisive criterion is the potential for harm to other members of the community.

The overall hallmark of feminist theory (within the larger family of critical and conflict theories) is the priority it gives to gender, which had largely been ignored by all the earlier theories of crime. Napoleon was born the same year the Republic of Genoa, a former commune of Italy, transferred Corsica to France. The state sold sovereign rights a year before his birth in , and the island was conquered by France during the year of his birth and formally incorporated as a province in , after years under nominal Genoese rule and 14 years of independence. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or ' traditional ' to a 'modern' society.

In his view, it is the sheerest chance that that activities of the saints, particularly their wild and drunken driving, did not result in serious injury to anyone during the two years of his study. Part of it is a matter of mobility, which in turn affects visibility. The upper-middle-class saints have ready access to cars and they take their trouble-making out of their home community, often as far as Seattle just 25 miles away from their town.

The lower-class roughnecks are much more visible in their home community, hanging out at a local drugstore and making trouble. Certainly the roughnecks are a constant source of grief for the local police and vice versawhile the police encounters with the saints are rare.

In the two years of the study, the saints are stopped only twice by the Seattle police; once they talk their way out of a speeding ticket and once they receive a minor fine and "and nothing on the record" for disturbing the peace. Another key factor is social skills and demeanor.

The saints are chronically truant from school, but they are polite and respectful in their encounters with teachers and administrators.

In fact, the scams they operate to get out of school are dependent on a finely developed set of social skills. Similarly, if they are are stopped by the police, they are polite and apologetic. The roughnecks are more aggressive and disrespectful in their language and manner. Upper-middle-class parents, Chambliss argues, are not likely to accept school or police definitions of their children as trouble-makers.

Teachers and administrators, as well as police, give the benefit of the doubt to the children of doctors, lawyers, and business executives. Two were in prison at the ten-year mark. Other kids, who have established a reputation for being bright even though underachievingdisciplined, and involved in respectable activities, who are mobile and monied, will be invisible when they deviate from sanctioned activities.

The Roughnecks and others like them may turn around, too.ENERGY ENHANCEMENT IS THE SOLUTION!! Alex Jones looks through the Eye of Sauron, the father of lies, - news from the great lying satanic media empires - and .

The overall hallmark of feminist theory (within the larger family of critical and conflict theories) is the priority it gives to gender, which had largely been ignored by all the earlier theories of crime. Port Manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two.

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CHASKALSON P: The two accused in this matter were convicted in the Witwatersrand Local Division of the Supreme Court on four counts of murder, one count of attempted murder and one count of robbery with aggravating circumstances.

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