Surgical experiments[ edit ] Throughout the s, J. Marion Simswho is often referred to as "the father of gynecology ", performed surgical experiments on enslaved African women, without anaesthesia.
In the past, thousands of experiments were conducted without regard to safety or ethics, often with deadly consequences. Many were performed because public safety or the imminent threat to the nation was deemed paramount over individual rights. Others resulted from the misapplication of junk science, shortsightedness, or political greed.
Such unethical research programs are still making headlines today, as the federal and state governments apologize and grant compensation to victims.
Yet, despite our progress in reining in unethical testing practices, some of the below research programs still use questionable methods. That said, here are 10 of the darkest chapters in U.
Animal Testing Rabbit after Draize test, which measures toxicity of cosmetics; Photo credit: PETA Testing on animals has long been a highly controversial topic. It is also quite common, most notably in the cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industries.
Rats and mice are most commonly used, but researchers also test products on dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, rabbits, monkeys and other animals.
Although many people oppose animal testing under any circumstances, polls have shown more than half of U. In many cases, however, the ethical boundaries are obliterated and the animals suffer at the expense of research.
Although animal testing will probably always be used in some fashion, especially in the case of life-saving drugs, computer simulations may one day make such testing a rarity.
Entomological Warfare The U.
Notable experiments were conducted in Florida, and during Operation Big Buzz in Georgia, when 1 million uninfected mosquitoes were released and studied to gauge dispersal patterns. You can certainly oppose the intent of this testing, but still appreciate the clever code names for these operations, such as the test in which fleas were released, known as Operation Big Itch.
Overseas Drug Trials Number of clinical drug tests reported in each country since ; Credit: Those are just the studies that have been reported; countless more go unreported. Most such tests are conducted under strict ethical standards, but the very reason companies have moved so much testing overseas poorly educated citizens, no fear of litigation in the event of problemsmakes them attractive to researchers looking to cut ethical corners, or test high-risk drugs.
In one well-known case, 49 babies in New Delhi died while testing new high blood pressure drugs.
Bellevue Electroshock Experiments Pychotron used for administering electroconvulsive therapy; Paul Hermans Now a rarity in use for psychiatric treatment, electroshock therapy was once seen as a panacea for mental illness. To this end, electroconvulsive therapy was carried out for a variety of treatments, most notably for autism and schizophrenia.
Beginning inDr.Oct 07, · Leaders in all industries face issues concerning unethical behavior and can learn from each other about how best to tackle these situations.
Organizations must research, develop, and document. Unethical Research Behavior University of Phoenix A. Ford REC Business Research June 15, An unethical research behavior within a business or organization that I have chosen to address is one which occurred in a state supported-institution for children with mental retardation, called Willowbrook State School.
Jun 30, · Unethical behavior often causes more unethical behavior. Failure to Honor Commitments Your boss promises you an extra day off if you rush out an important project by a certain date. Sep 07, · Psychology is a relatively new science which gained popularity in the early 20th century with Wilhelm Wundt.
In the zeal to learn about the human thought process and behavior, many early psychiatrists went too far with their experimentations, leading to stringent ethics codes and standards.
Information will be addressed on what unethical research behavior was involved, who were the injured parties, and how has this behavior affected society, the organization and the individual(s) engaged in such behavior.
The Willowbrook State School was in Staten Island, New York. Such unethical research programs are still making headlines today, as the federal and state governments apologize and grant compensation to victims. Yet, despite our progress in reining in unethical testing practices, some of the below research programs still use questionable methods.